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Dr. Hassan Bolkhari : “Presence of nature and its symbols in eastern art is presence of divine beauty.” |
12/07/2005 |
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The International Congress of Nature in Eastern art will be held in Nov-Dec 2005 in Tehran and Yazd. Here is the conversation with Dr. Hasan Bolkhari, member of scientific board of this congress.
Dr. Bolkhari is professor of philosophy in Alameh Tabatabayi University. About concept of nature he said, “Nature has special symbols in eastern art which is usually outcome of mental-philosophical aspects of eastern artists and philosophers. Nature in eastern culture has two meanings, common and particular. The common meaning stands for existence and being. Existence has two aspects that are existence of human and existence of cosmos, and this is the reason that in eastern texts for human being’s existence, “nature” is used to express. Talking about nature of human it is referred to the humanly substance or the spiritual face of nature of human. This meaning is connoted in its etymology.
He also emphasized that in mysticism nature is not only mountain, sea and earth that is outward world of human but also it’s the substance of human.
In describing the reason of such concept he said that according to Lahiji in Explanation of Golshan-e Raz (Garden of Secrets) human is the small world and the world is the grand human.
He also compared it with eastern Chemistry science in which the existing elements in nature are those constructing human being. This similarity had been proved through some scientific tests.
Regarding relation of nature and eastern art and culture he explained nature as presentation of divine beauty. “Such view was always sacred in eastern culture and therefore in decoding eastern art there is a meaning of nature.
In Chinese culture especially Taoism, Hindu and Islam, nature was always praised for example water is one of the four elements and also constructing element of human. Water is symbol of life and purity and also presentation of God in the world,” he said.
“For example in Zoroastrian art and culture, concepts of tree of life and Lily have outstanding presence. Also Lily in Buddhist art and culture has a special meaning. In Chinese philosophy there is a special view toward nature which the reflex can be seen in the 6th rules of Chinese painting. In eastern aspect, art is presentation of meaning in beautiful form and it’s not a body without soul,” he added.
He also said, “in eastern aspect the holy temple that is the house of God, is physical body of nature and nature is representation of God. Therefore, relation between nature and architecture is more obvious in eastern civilizations. In Hinduism, temple is symbol of the world and holy architecture is to build the body of the world for divine presence of human. As we see in Christianity church is body of Christ and in Buddhism Stupa is Buda’s body. Mountain that is one of the representations of the nature was a model for ancient sacred architecture, as Ziggurats were made as mountains. Buddhists made a huge temple in 9th century based upon the fantastic mountain of Mero. Because according to their believes, mountain was the link between earth and heaven. And also prophets were inspired in the mountains. Prophet Muhammad inspired for the first time in Nour Mountain. Jesus Christ and Moses inspired in the mountains near Jordan. Mecca is also the physical face of metaphysical world that should be followed in philosophy of art.”
At the end he mentioned, “Relation of art and nature in eastern art and philosophy is permanent and close, a relation which stands for the relation of the Creator and creations.”
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